Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica, written in the first century, describes some six hundred plants and remained the reference work in Europe and the Arab world for over fifteen hundred years. In the monasteries that knowledge moved into the hortus conclusus, the walled gardens where kitchen herbs, remedies and ritual plants grew side by side; in the twelfth century Hildegard of Bingen left a catalogue of them that mixes botany, medicine and symbol without embarrassment.
The plants in this garden are sorted into the same six families as the stone encyclopedia — love, protection, energy, healing, spirituality, clarity — so the two archives can be read together. For each one you get the habitat, meaning where it actually grows, and the uses tradition assigns to it: smoke cleansing, sachets, ritual infusions, bunches hung over the door.
One warning matters more than the rest: this is about symbolic use, not herbal medicine. Many plants on this list are toxic if swallowed, some interfere with medication and others are dangerous in pregnancy. Do not prepare infusions or remedies on the strength of this page, and for any health problem see a doctor or a pharmacist.